Archaeology
Silver amulet contains the first mention of Christ in Bulgaria
Archaeologists have unearthed an amulet that is believed to be the earliest Christian relic found in Bulgaria and contains the first known reference of Christ in the region.
The amulet is a small silver sheet which dates to between the late 2nd century to early 3rd century AD. It was unearthed in the Deultum-Debelt National Archaeological Reserve, a necropolis associated with the Roman colony of Deultum.
Deultum was founded as an emporium of Apollonia Pontica in the 7th century BC and served as an important trading centre between Thracians and Greeks.
It is located near the modern-day village of Debelt, at the mouth of the river Sredetska reka on the west coast of Lake Mandrensko.
During the 1st century AD, Deultum was annexed by the Roman Empire and renamed to Colonia Flavia Pacis Deultensium, serving as a colonia for veterans of Legio VIII Augusta.
The silver sheet amulet was found rolled up in a burial, which upon closer inspection was revealed to contain the sign of the cross and references inscribed in Greek.
The inscription gives mention of the archangels, Michael and Gabriel, and the “Guardian” – Christ. “Guardian” is written as +ΡЄICTOC, with the first letter of Christ’s name, X, rotated 45 degrees to form a cross.
According to the researchers, the word “Guardian” references Christ’s role, and the general purpose of the amulet which is intended to provide protection. Early Christian’s often concealed their faith in fear of persecution, so the amulet was likely buried in secrecy by rolling the silver sheet to resemble an ingot.
Dr. Nikolay Sharankov from Sofia University, said: “Inscriptions visible to the public rarely overtly disclosed early Christians’ religious allegiance. They often utilised innocuous symbols such as birds or fish, or veiled expressions like ‘God’ that didn’t draw suspicion.”
Header Image Credit : National Archaeological Reserve Deultum – Debelt
Sources : Sofia News Agency
This content was originally published on www.heritagedaily.com – © 2023 – HeritageDaily
Archaeology
Ornate grave goods found in Murom burial ground
Archaeologists from the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been excavating a burial ground associated with the Finnic Muromians.
The Finnic Muromians were groups of settlers that lived within the vicinity of the Volga and Oka rivers. They spoke Muromian, an Uralic language that became extinct following their assimilation by the Slavs.
The burial ground, which dates from the early 10th century AD, was discovered on the eastern bank of the Oka river, located in the Nizhny Novgorod Region of Russia.
A total of seventeen burial pits have been identified, nine of which have been severely damaged through looting.
The surviving 8 burials contain the remains of four children, two women, and two men.
The men were accompanied with an ornate collection of grave goods, including arrowheads, knives, bronze bracelets, iron plates, a bronze buckle, and a whetstone.
At the bottom of one of the pits is a heavily corroded axe, along with a flint that has traces of iron-coated embossed leather and textile threads.
The burials containing women were also accompanied with high status funerary goods, such as a necklace of red-brown prismatic and dark blue berry-shaped beads of Byzantine origin, signet ring-shaped pendants, plate bracelets, a bronze spiral, and a silver ring.
Traces of wood within the pit fillings suggest that they originally contained a wooden structure, similar to a log house made of thin beams and covered with birch bark.
According to the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: “The culmination of the discoveries at the site were two clay vessels, testifying to direct and close contacts between the right-bank Muromians and the Old Russian population.”
Header Image Credit : Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sources : Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
This content was originally published on www.heritagedaily.com – © 2023 – HeritageDaily
Archaeology
Ghastly finds at gallows execution site
![](https://conspirazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/gast2-S78Iej.jpeg)
Archaeologists from the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archaeology of Saxony-Anhalt are currently excavating the site of a former gallows in Quedlinburg, Germany.
Gallows are usually wooden structures made of two vertical posts, a horizontal crossbeam, and a hanging noose. They have been used for executing criminals by hanging, a prevalent form of capital punishment in Europe since the Middle Ages.
Archaeologists are currently excavating a gallows site on Galgenberg, or ‘Gallows Hill,’ which was used for public executions by the courts in Quedlinburg from 1662 to 1809.
Excavations have revealed complete and partial burials in the area, along with bone pits containing multiple bundled burials, likely the result of mass executions carried out in a short period.
Image Credit : LDA
According to the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archaeology of Saxony-Anhalt, “these discoveries provide unique insights into penal practices from the Middle Ages and early modern times.”
A burial unrelated to the gallows has also been unearthed, featuring a wooden coffin containing the skeletal remains of an individual buried with a rosary chain.
Archaeologists propose that the burial’s characteristics suggest that the individual was likely a suicide victim, denied burial in consecrated ground so was placed in the cemetery near the gallows.
Also discovered is a so-called ‘revenant grave’, where the skeletal remains of a man was found placed on his back with several large stones placed across his chest.
According to the researchers, the stones were likely placed to prevent the individual from rising as a revenant, which are described as animated corpses in the verbal traditions and lore of many European ethnic groups.
In medieval times, those inflicted with the revenant condition were generally suicide victims, witches, corpses possessed by a malevolent spirit, or the victim of a vampiric attack.
Header Image Credit : LDA
Sources : State Office for Monument Preservation and Archaeology of Saxony-Anhalt
This content was originally published on www.heritagedaily.com – © 2023 – HeritageDaily
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