Archaeology
Archaeologists uncover crypts of the Primates of Poland
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Archaeologists have uncovered two crypts in the collegiate church in Łowicz containing the Primates of Poland.
In the Latin Church, a primate is an archbishop who has jurisdictional authority (title of authority) or ceremonial precedence (title of honour).
Historically, primates of certain sees were granted privileges that includes the authority to call and preside over national synods, to preside at the installation of archbishops in their sees, and the right to crown the nation’s sovereign.
The crypts contain the tombs of Henryk Firlej (1574–1626), Andrzej Leszczyński (1608-1658), and Wacław Leszczyński (1605-1666), each of whom served as archbishop of Gniezno, a city in central-western Poland.
Image Credit : PAP
All three tombs were found intact, in which the funeral robes, shoes, and a bishop’s miter sewn with gold thread have been perfectly preserved.
“In one of the tombs we found a gold ring with the Wieniawa coat of arms, a cross – probably gold, and four gold pins with a rock crystal head. In another tomb, the archbishop was interred holding a cross in his right hand, along with a gold ring and a cross on a chain. We hope to find a golden chalice and a paten as well,” said archaeologist Monika Kamińska.
According to the researchers, the discovery of the tombs have provided new insights into how the bishops were prepared for their funerals. In particular, how they were dressed, the chasubles they wore, and what fabrics were used to line their coffins.
Archaeologists also discovered a third crypt that the researchers suggest could contain the tomb of Primate Jan Przerębski (1519-1562).
“The discovery of the crypts of the four primates is of great historical value, but for me it is a discovery of the roots of faith. We are getting to know the Christian culture of our land,” said Bishop Wojciech Osial, Bishop of Łowicz.
Header Image Credit : PAP
Sources : Science in Poland
This content was originally published on www.heritagedaily.com – © 2023 – HeritageDaily
Archaeology
Ornate grave goods found in Murom burial ground
Archaeologists from the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been excavating a burial ground associated with the Finnic Muromians.
The Finnic Muromians were groups of settlers that lived within the vicinity of the Volga and Oka rivers. They spoke Muromian, an Uralic language that became extinct following their assimilation by the Slavs.
The burial ground, which dates from the early 10th century AD, was discovered on the eastern bank of the Oka river, located in the Nizhny Novgorod Region of Russia.
A total of seventeen burial pits have been identified, nine of which have been severely damaged through looting.
The surviving 8 burials contain the remains of four children, two women, and two men.
The men were accompanied with an ornate collection of grave goods, including arrowheads, knives, bronze bracelets, iron plates, a bronze buckle, and a whetstone.
At the bottom of one of the pits is a heavily corroded axe, along with a flint that has traces of iron-coated embossed leather and textile threads.
The burials containing women were also accompanied with high status funerary goods, such as a necklace of red-brown prismatic and dark blue berry-shaped beads of Byzantine origin, signet ring-shaped pendants, plate bracelets, a bronze spiral, and a silver ring.
Traces of wood within the pit fillings suggest that they originally contained a wooden structure, similar to a log house made of thin beams and covered with birch bark.
According to the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: “The culmination of the discoveries at the site were two clay vessels, testifying to direct and close contacts between the right-bank Muromians and the Old Russian population.”
Header Image Credit : Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sources : Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
This content was originally published on www.heritagedaily.com – © 2023 – HeritageDaily
Archaeology
Ghastly finds at gallows execution site
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Archaeologists from the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archaeology of Saxony-Anhalt are currently excavating the site of a former gallows in Quedlinburg, Germany.
Gallows are usually wooden structures made of two vertical posts, a horizontal crossbeam, and a hanging noose. They have been used for executing criminals by hanging, a prevalent form of capital punishment in Europe since the Middle Ages.
Archaeologists are currently excavating a gallows site on Galgenberg, or ‘Gallows Hill,’ which was used for public executions by the courts in Quedlinburg from 1662 to 1809.
Excavations have revealed complete and partial burials in the area, along with bone pits containing multiple bundled burials, likely the result of mass executions carried out in a short period.
Image Credit : LDA
According to the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archaeology of Saxony-Anhalt, “these discoveries provide unique insights into penal practices from the Middle Ages and early modern times.”
A burial unrelated to the gallows has also been unearthed, featuring a wooden coffin containing the skeletal remains of an individual buried with a rosary chain.
Archaeologists propose that the burial’s characteristics suggest that the individual was likely a suicide victim, denied burial in consecrated ground so was placed in the cemetery near the gallows.
Also discovered is a so-called ‘revenant grave’, where the skeletal remains of a man was found placed on his back with several large stones placed across his chest.
According to the researchers, the stones were likely placed to prevent the individual from rising as a revenant, which are described as animated corpses in the verbal traditions and lore of many European ethnic groups.
In medieval times, those inflicted with the revenant condition were generally suicide victims, witches, corpses possessed by a malevolent spirit, or the victim of a vampiric attack.
Header Image Credit : LDA
Sources : State Office for Monument Preservation and Archaeology of Saxony-Anhalt
This content was originally published on www.heritagedaily.com – © 2023 – HeritageDaily
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