Space
Can Advanced Aliens Change the Laws of Physics?
How to find evidence of the existence of technologically advanced civilizations in the universe? It all depends on what exactly you are looking for.
After all, it is absolutely incomprehensible what opportunities an extraterrestrial civilization can achieve in the process of its development.
This question is directly related to the so-called “Kardashev scale”. A Type I civilization in Kardashev’s scheme can capture all the energy falling on its home planet. A Type II civilization can capture all the energy generated by the parent star. And a Type III civilization can do the same to an entire galaxy.
Harvesting the energy of an entire galaxy seems like a pretty advanced skill. But in fact, this idea can be developed even further. Can a Type IV or Type V civilization exist? Are there any restrictions at all for the development of alien species? And if so, where are those limits?
Intervention in dark matter
Kardashev in his classification spoke of civilizations that still obey the laws of physics. The universe gives them these laws just as it gives us. We cannot change these laws. We can only use them more or less effectively.
But what if an alien civilization becomes so advanced that it can change these laws? Such a civilization would certainly go far beyond mere energy harvesting.
The very nature of energy, with established rules such as energy conservation, would necessarily be subject to revision in this case.
Astrophysicist Caleb Scharf explored this question in a paper entitled “Is Physical Law an Alien Intelligence?”. This work is simply a masterpiece of creative fiction. Scharf researched the laws of physics and asked himself – which of them could be rewritten by a sufficiently advanced form of life?
One possibility described concerned the nature of dark matter. When astronomers track the movement of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, they discover a problem.
It turns out that there is not enough mass to generate the forces necessary to control the observed movement. Astronomers suggest that to solve this problem, there must be a lot of matter that cannot be seen.
This means that it does not emit light and does not interact with ordinary matter that we see, except through gravity. From here the legs of the assertion grow that the Universe is mainly filled with “dark matter”. The nature of which no one can explain.
Therefore, Scharf asked himself the question – could the absence of interactions of dark matter not be a consequence of the laws of nature, but rather the result of interference in the laws of physics of some advanced civilization?
Perhaps, Scharf muses, the best way for life to avoid catastrophes, such as radiation fluxes or blast waves from exploding stars, is to almost completely separate from the rest of the universe.
Using a sort of “dark matter” 3D printer, you can, as Scharf puts it, “upload your world into a massive amount of real estate on the dark side and be done with it.”
Scharf had other ideas too. For example, an overdeveloped civilization accelerating the expansion of the universe. This effect is attributed to the so-called “dark energy”.
Scharf speculated that a sufficiently advanced civilization could also be responsible for this acceleration. Perhaps they are using it to prevent the heat death of the universe and ensure that chaos does not arise in space.
But is any of the above possible in reality? Hard to say.
Most likely, the laws of physics impose severe limits on life and its possibilities. These limitations may hold back technological development enough to stop it far beyond what our science fiction can imagine.
Most likely, it is simply impossible to circumvent the limitations imposed by the speed of light. And crossing the vast distances between stars will always be extremely difficult and costly.
Recently, a group of experts from Harvard University, led by physics
professor Avi Loeb, announced the possible presence of alien space
debris in Earth’s orbit, reports the Daily Star.
Leading
space research expert Professor Loeb is confident that the discovery of
such “interstellar objects could help expand our knowledge of possible
alien civilizations and technologies. A team of scientists is conducting
research to confirm that some of the objects in our orbit may be
connected to other star systems.
During an interview with Live
Science, Professor Loeb explained that these objects could enter the
solar system from interstellar space, defying Jupiter’s gravitational
pull and occupying limited orbits around the sun.
Some of them may
have technological origins similar to the probes sent by mankind into
interstellar space, such as Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, Pioneer 10 and 11
and New Horizons.
However,
despite these interesting assumptions, Professor Loeb did not specify
what specific objects he was talking about. In his research report, he
notes that there could be “a significant number” of potentially
detectable objects in Earth’s orbit.
To confirm their assumptions,
the team of scientists uses computer simulations and the Vera Rubin
Observatory (Chile) with a high-resolution camera of 3.2 billion pixels.
This will allow for regular observations of the Southern sky and the
possibility of detecting several captured objects about the size of a
football field.
It is assumed that these interstellar objects passed through the
boundaries of the solar system and may carry unique information about
other civilizations and their technologies. If we could confirm the
origin of these objects, the mysteries that open before us, this would
be a real breakthrough in space exploration.
Professor Loeb
expresses hope that the new research will not only help expand our
knowledge of extraterrestrial technologies, but may also lead to the
discovery of new alien civilizations . Answers to such questions can be
of global significance and influence our understanding of the place of
mankind in the Universe.
And
while there are still many questions and assumptions, the study by
Professor Loeb and his team opens a new chapter in space exploration.
Each new discovery can be the key to deciphering the mysteries of the
cosmos and the possibility of encountering alien life forms.
Betelgeuse, a red giant on the brink of death, continues to show
unusual behavior. After the Great Blackout, which occurred in late 2019
and early 2020, the star became unusually bright. It is now the seventh
brightest star in the sky, while it normally ranks tenth. This has led
to speculation that Betelgeuse is preparing to explode in a
spectacularly large supernova.
However, scientists believe it’s too early to tell, and it’s likely
that this behavior is due to ongoing fluctuations after the Great
Blackout of 2019, and the star will return to normal within a decade.
Betelgeuse is one of the most interesting stars in the sky. It is
about 700 light-years from Earth and is a red giant in the last stage of
its life. It is also an unusual star for a red giant because it was
previously a monster blue-white O-type star, the most massive class of
stars.
Betelgeuse has changed its spectral type because it has almost
exhausted its hydrogen reserves. It now burns helium into carbon and
oxygen and has expanded to a gigantic size: about 764 times the size of
the Sun and about 16.5 to 19 times its mass.
Eventually it will run out of fuel to burn, become a supernova, eject
its outer material, and its core will collapse into a neutron star.
Before the Great Blackout, Betelgeuse also had periodic fluctuations
in brightness. The longest of these cycles is about 5.9 years and the
other is 400 days. But it seems that the Great Blackout caused changes
in these oscillations.
A new paper by astrophysicist Morgan McLeod of the
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics has shown that the 400-day
cycle appears to have been halved. This pulsational cycle is probably
caused by expansion and contraction within the star. According to
simulations carried out by MacLeod and his colleagues, the convective
flow inside Betelgeuse may have risen and become material that separates
from the star.
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